The rise of the Islamic State since 2014 has led to the re-emergence of terrorism as a serious security threat in Asia. Coupled with the ongoing terrorism and insurgency challenges from both radical religious extremists and also ethno-nationalist insurgencies it is clear that some parts of Asia remain mired in armed rebellion despite decades of nation-building. While the situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan has obviously deteriorated there is also a growing terrorist challenge on top of armed insurgencies in other parts of Asia. A common theme in armed rebellions in the region has been the lack of legitimacy of the state and the presence of fundamental causes stemming from political economic or social grievances. Addressing rebellion in the region thus requires a comprehensive approach involving transnational co-operation addressing fundamental grievances and also the use of more innovative approaches such as religious rehabilitation and reconciliation programmes. . Language: English