Strategic competence a higherorder executive ability that executes strategies for language use has long been theorized as a significant nonlinguistic factor affecting second language L2 communicative ability. Despite its recognition the parameters of strategic competence have been poorly defined and researched. Utilizing the multitraitmultimethod approach this book examines the relationships of general strategic knowledge and strategic regulation in a specific highstakes testtaking context to English as a foreign language EFL reading test performance over time through the use of a structural equation modeling SEM approach. Since it is largescale and longitudinal in nature this research provides an opportunity to generalize the unfolding nature of strategic competence. The book concludes by proposing multidimensional models to assist researching strategic competence and by discussing pedagogical models for strategic reading instruction.