In Seeing Red Cari M. Carpenter examines anger in the poetry and prose of three early American Indian writers S. Alice Callahan Pauline Johnson and Sarah Winnemucca. In articulating a legitimate anger in the late nineteenth century the first published indigenous women writers were met not only with stereotypes of savage rage but with social proscriptions against female anger. While the loss of land life and cultural traditions is central to the Native American literature of the period this dispossession is only one side of the story. Its counterpart indigenous claims to that which is threatened is just as essential to these narratives. The first published American Indian women writers used a variety of tactics to protest such dispossession. Seeing Red argues that one of the most pervasive and intriguing of these is sentimentality. ampampnbsp Carpenter argues that while anger is a neglected element of a broad range of sentimental texts it should be recognized as a particularly salient subject in early literature written by Native American women. To date most literary scholarswhether they understand sentimentality in terms of sympathetic relations or of manipulative influencehave viewed anger as an obstacle to the genre. Placing anger and sentimentality in opposition however neglects their complex and often intimate relationship. This case study of three Native American women writers is not meant to fall easily into either the pro or anti sentimentality camp but to acknowledge sentimentality as a fraught yet potentially useful mode for articulating indigenous womens anger.