1 Peptides in Neurobiology: Historical Introduction. - 1. The Neurosecretory Neuron and the Concept of Neurosecretion. - 2. The Hypothalamic Origin of the Posterior Lobe Hormones. - 3. The Hypothalamic Control of the Adenohypophysis. - 4. Nonhormonal Neurosecretory Signals to Endocrine and Nonendocrine Effector Cells. - 5. Peptidergic Interneuronal Communication. - 6. Conclusion. - 7. References. - 2 Application of Fluorescent Techniques to the Study of Peptides. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Preparation of Materials and Equipment. - 3. Isolation of Peptides from Tissues. - 4. Separation and Detection of Peptides. - 5. Applications. - 6. Conclusion. - 7. References. - 3 Specific Problems in the Identification and Quantitation of Neuropeptides by Radioimmunoassay. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Radioimmunoassay for Detection of Well-Characterized Peptides in Nervous Tissues. - 3. Development of Radioimmunoassay Systems for Newly Described Peptides. - 4. Conclusions and Conjectures. - 5. References. - 4 Immunocytochemistry of Neuropeptides and Their Receptors. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Unlabeled Antibody Enzyme MethodSensitivity of Immunocytochemistry. - 3. Modifications of the Unlabeled Antibody Enzyme Method. - 4. Immunocytochemical Staining of Nervous Tissue. - 5. Neurotransmitter PathwaysCatecholamines and Serotonin. - 6. Hypothalamopituitary Pathways. - 7. Neuropeptide Receptors. - 8. Nonpituitary Neurosecretory Peptide Pathways. - 9. References. - 5 Substance P and Neurotensin. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Guidelines for the Isolation of Biologically Active Peptides. - 3. Guidelines for the Radioimmunoassay of Small Peptides. - 4. Substance P. - 5. Neurotensin. - 6. References. - 6 Biologically Active Peptides in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Historical Perspective. - 3. IndirectMethods for Locating Neurosecretory Cells. - 4. Regional Distribution of Selected Peptides. - 5. Conclusion. - 6. References. - 7 Peptides Containing Probable Transmitter Candidates in the Central Nervous System. - 1. General Properties of CNS Peptides. - 2. Peptide and Peptidoamine Synthesis with N-Terminal Acetyl-Asp. - 3. Factors That Affect the Levels and Release of Peptides in the CNS. - 4. A Working Hypothesis of Peptides as the Final Common Pathway of Multisignal Integration. - 5. Specific Examples of the Working Hypothesis. - 6. Conclusion. - 7. References. - 8 Biosynthesis of Neuronal Peptides. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Precursor-Protein (Prohormone) Concept. - 3. Strategy for the Study of Peptide Biosynthesis in Neurons. - 4. Peptidergic Neurons in Aplysia as Model Systems. - 5. Biosynthesis of Neurohypophyseal Peptides and Neurophysin. - 6. Regulation of Neuronal Peptide Biosynthesis. - 7. Biological Significance of the Precursor Mode of Peptide Biosynthesis. - 8. Conclusion. - 9. References. - 9 Conversion and Inactivation of Neuropeptides. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Conversion of Prohormones. - 3. Inactivation of Active Peptides. - 4. References. - 10 Peptides in Invertebrate Nervous Systems. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Coelenterata. - 3. Arthropoda (Crustacea). - 4. Arthropoda (Insecta). - 5. Mollusca. - 6. Echinodermata: Radial Nerve Factor. - 7. Conclusion. - 8. References. - 11 Physiological Roles of Peptides in the Nervous System. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Substance P. - 3. Angiotensin II. - 4. Parvicellular Peptides: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing HormoneReleasing Hormone. - 5. Magnocellular Peptides: Antidiuretic Hormone (Lysine Vasopressin) and Oxytocin. - 6. Conclusions. - 7. References. - 12 Electrical Activity of Neurosecretory Terminals and Control of Peptide Hormone Release. -1. Introduction. - 2. The Crustacean X-Organ Sinus Gland Neurosecretory System. - 3. General Conclusions. - 4. References. - 13 Endogenous Opiate Peptides. - 1. Introduction. - 2. The Opiate Receptor. - 3. Adenylate Cyclase and the Mechanism of Addiction. - 4. Endogenous Opiates. - 5. Physiological Role of Endogenous Opiate Peptides. - 6. References. - 7. Addendum. - 8. Addendum References. - 14 Behavioral Effects of Peptides. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Implication of the Pituitary Gland in Acquisition and Maintenance of Conditioned Avoidance Behavior. - 3. Behaviorally Active Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragments. - 4. Behavioral Effects of Vasopressin and Congeners. - 5. General Discussion. - 6. References. Language: English