1. Homology and Embryonic Development. - Homology: An Unsolved Problem. - Common Origins and Common Inductions. - Common Genetic Basis. - Biological Homology. - Acknowledgments. - References. - 2. The Evolution of Paired Fins and the Origin of Tetrapod Limbs: Phylogenetic and Transformational Approaches. - The Fin Endoskeleton. - The Axis of the Tetrapod Limb. - Homology of Limb Elements. - Genetic Analyses of Limb Evolution. - The Structural Rearrangement of the Limb. - Limbs and the Tetrapod Radiation. - Summary. - Acknowledgments. - References. - 3. Drosophila Molecular Phylogenies and Their Uses. - The Larger Picture. - Molecular Phylogenies. - Illustrative Uses of Drosophila Phylogenies. - Conclusions. - Note Added in Proof. - Acknowledgments. - References. - 4. Plant Molecular Systematics: Inferences of Phylogeny and Evolutionary Processes. - Higher-Level Phylogeny. - Phylogenetic Perspectives on Character Evolution. - Multiplicity versus Singularity of Character-State Changes. - Hybridization and Introgression. - Patterns and Rates of Diversification. - Conclusions. - Acknowledgments. - References. - 5. The Impact of Historical Contingency on Gene Phylogeny: Plant Actin Diversity. - and Background. - Historical Contingency and Evolution. - Defining Historical Contingency as It Applies to Genes. - Three Categories of Historical Contingency That Link Gene Phylogeny and Macroevolution. - Gene Duplication and Combinatorial Control. - Application of Contingency Theory. - Acknowledgments. - References. - 6. Evolution as a Lottery Conflicting with Evolution via Sexual Selection in African Rain ForestDwelling Killifishes (Cyprinodontidae Rivulinae Diapteron). - Materials and Methods. - Results. - Discussion. - Summary. - Acknowledgments. - References. Language: English