1 Introduction. - 1. 1 Multispecies systems and the potential for interaction. - 1. 2 Mechanisms of coexistence. - 1. 3 The evidence for competition. - 1. 4 Establishing competition in natural communities. - 2 The New Forest and its larger herbivores. - 2. 1 The New Forest. - 2. 2 The effects of grazing in the New Forest. - 2. 3 Effects of grazing on the Forest fauna. - 2. 4 The Forest's large herbivores and their management. - 2. 5 Current populations. - 2. 6 Reprise. - 3 Ecology and behaviour of the Forest's fallow deer. - 3. 1 Introduction. - 3. 2 Social organization. - 3. 3 Patterns of habitat use. - 3. 4 Diet. - 4 Behaviour and ecology of sika red and roe. - 4. 1 Behaviour and ecology of New Forest sika. - 4. 2 Social organization. - 4. 3 Habitat use. - 4. 4 Diet. - 4. 5 Red deer. - 4. 6 Behaviour and ecology of the Forest roe deer. - 4. 7 Diet. - 4. 8 Patterns of habitat use. - 4. 9 Roe deer habitat use and population performance. - 5 The domestic stock of the New Forest. - 5. 1 The history of Common pasturage. - 5. 2 Social organization and behaviour. - 5. 3 Patterns of habitat use. - 5. 4 Diet. - 5. 5 Individual variation in patterns of resource use and cycles in body condition. - 5. 6 Feeding behaviour of cattle and ponies: different strategies of exploitation. - 6 The potential for competition. - 6. 1 Overlaps in resource use. - 6. 2 Resource limitation. - 6. 3 The potential for competition. - 6. 4 Ecological interaction and population trend. - 7 Factors structuring resource relationships in ungulate assemblies. - 7. 1 Interactions among New Forest herbivores. - 7. 2 Does competition or predation structure ungulate assemblies?. - 7. 3 The evidence for competitive interaction in natural ungulate assemblies. - References. Language: English