I Classical Thermodynamicsl. - 1. Homogeneous Fluid Bodies. - 2. The First Law; Energy. - 3. The Second Law; Entropy. - 4. A General Efficiency Estimate. - II Systems with Perfect Accessibility. - 1. Definition and Example. - 2. Actions. - III A Modern Treatment of the First Law. - 1. Thermodynamical Systems (1) and the First Law. - 2. Products of Systems and Preservation of the First Law. - 3. The First Law and Joule's Relation. - IV A Modern Treatment of the Second Law. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Hotness Levels and Temperature Scales. - 3. The Accumulation Function for an Ideal Gas. - 4. Thermodynamical Systems (2) and the Second Law. - 5. Products of Systems and Preservation of the Second Law. - 6. The Second Law and the Accumulation Inequality. - 7. Estimates for Heat Absorbed and Heat Emitted. - V Energy and Entropy for Thermodynamical Systems. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Actions with the Clausius Property. - 3. Actions with the Conservation Property. - 4. Actions with the Dissipation Property. - VI Isothermal Processes of Homogeneous Filaments. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Elastic Filaments. - 3. Viscous Filaments. - 4. Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Filaments. - 5. Phase Transitions in Elastic and Viscous Filaments. - VII Homogeneous Bodies with Viscosity. - 1. Bodies with Viscosity as Thermodynamical Systems. - 2. Consequences of the First Law. - 3. Consequences of the Second Law. - Comments and Suggestions for Further Reading. - Problems. Language: English